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At first glance, there may not seem much of a mystery to unravel. Masks cut the number of infectious particles entering the nose and mouth. One might expect, therefore, that severe disease would be less likely. But it is not so. One vital factor which predicts disease severity is how far viral particles make it into a person's lungs. Cheap cotton face-masks struggle to block the smallest aerosols, which are the most likely to penetrate deeply. Dr Courtney and Dr Bax wondered if something else might explain their protective effect.
乍一看上去乎没什么神秘的事物需要揭开。口罩可以降低进入口鼻的传染性颗粒，因此大家或许会觉得感染紧急疾病的可能性会减少。但事实并不是这样。预测疾病紧急程度的一个要紧原因是病毒颗粒进入人体肺部的距离。便宜的棉质口罩非常难阻挡最小的悬浮微粒，而这类悬浮微粒最大概渗透到深处。考特尼博士和巴克斯博士想探究是不是有其他缘由可以讲解它们的保护用途。
One of the body's first lines of defence against airborne pathogens is known as the mucociliary clearance mechanism. Sticky mucus in the nose and respiratory tract snares viruses and bacteria. Little hairs known as cilia push the mucus into the throat. From there it is swallowed and potent stomach acids destroy the invaders. But this mechanism relies on the relevant body parts staying moist.
人体抵抗空气传播病原体的第一道防线被叫做黏液纤毛清除机制。鼻子和呼吸道里黏黏的粘液会吸引病毒和细菌，被叫做纤毛的细小毛发会将粘液推入喉咙，粘液在喉咙处被吞下，之后强有力的胃酸摧毁入侵者。但这一机制依靠于一点：有关身体部位要维持湿润状况。
That is harder in winter, for as air gets colder, its capacity to hold waterfalls. Lower humidity tends to dry out the respiratory tract. This is one reason why many upper-respiratory viruses, such as influenza, flourish in the winter.
在冬季更难，由于伴随空气变冷，它容纳水分的能力会减弱。湿度较低会使呼吸道变得干燥。这就是很多上呼吸道病毒在冬天肆虐是什么原因之一。
Dr Courtney and Dr Bax speculated that masks may help keep things damp. They reasoned that, as a person exhales, water vapour would condense on the inside of a mask. Then, upon inhalation, dry air passing through the mask would collect the deposited water and bring it back into the respiratory tract and lungs. That could be handing a mask-wearer's immune system a significant advantage.
考特尼博士和巴克斯博士推断，口罩可能拥有维持湿润的效果。他们判断，当一个人呼气时水蒸气会在口罩内部凝结，被吸入后通过口罩的干燥空气会采集积水并将它带回呼吸道和肺部。这或许会给戴口罩者的免疫系统带来非常大有哪些好处。Keen to test their idea, the researchers checked several masks at 37C, 22C and 8C. They breathed into a sealed box packed with sensitive instruments, and worked out humidity levels in their upper respiratory tracts. They found that, although all masks increased humidity levels to some extent, the heavy cotton mask did best of all. In the hottest room it boosted the relative humidity of inspired air by over 50%, compared with breathing without a mask. In the cold room, that number rose to 300%. That suggests that, besides filtering out at least some of the viral particles floating about in the air, masks help keep a person's snot levels healthily high.
为了验证他们的想法，研究职员在37C、22C和8C的温度下检验了几种口罩。他们向一个密封的盒子里呼气，盒子里装满了敏锐的仪器，然后计算出他们上呼吸道的湿度。他们发现，虽然所有些口罩都在一定量上增加了湿度，但厚重的棉质口罩成效最好。在最热的房间里，戴棉质口罩呼吸与不戴口罩呼吸相比，它使吸入空气的相对湿度提升了50%以上。在寒冷的房间里这一数字上升到了300%。这表明，口罩除去能过滤掉空气中漂浮的部分病毒颗粒外，还能叫人的鼻涕维持在特别高的健康水平。
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